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<text id=91TT1837>
<title>
Aug. 19, 1991: The Brave Ones Begin to Sing
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Aug. 19, 1991 Hostages:Why Now? Who's Next?
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BUSINESS, Page 45
CORRUPTION
The Brave Ones Begin to Sing
</hdr><body>
<p>As fresh charges are leveled in the B.C.C.I. scandal, an
ex-official tells of shady practices and death threats
</p>
<p>By John Greenwald--Reported by S.C. Gwynne/Washington with
other bureaus
</p>
<p> The slender former executive of the Bank of Credit &
Commerce International clearly feared for his life. Speaking
before a Senate subcommittee last week, Masihur Rahman told how
a fellow B.C.C.I. official had threatened to shoot him if he
exposed the rampant fraud and corruption at the heart of the
bank. According to Rahman, the colleague warned him, "I've
personally killed people in my life, and I'd use the same gun
on you."
</p>
<p> Undaunted, Rahman sent his American wife Ellen and their
two children to the U.S. for safety. "My wife and children were
suffering greatly. They were being terrorized by this
situation," he testified. Rahman then fled London just days
before he testified. As his wife sat behind him, the former
chief financial officer declared last week that B.C.C.I. had
been essentially broke since 1985. He went on to accuse the
accounting firm Price Waterhouse of tolerating phony bookkeeping
that made the bank look solvent--a charge the auditor denies.
Among the losses covered up were hundreds of millions of dollars
in dubious loans in 1985-86 to the Gokal family of Pakistan,
which owned a shipping company. "It was kept an incredible
secret; not more than four or five people knew what had
happened," Rahman said.
</p>
<p> Rahman's charges were far from the only ones leveled last
week against B.C.C.I., which was shut down in July in most of
the 69 countries where it operated. From Abu Dhabi to Zimbabwe,
the repercussions of the bank scandal gathered force amid a new
surge of allegations, investigations and financial distress. The
depth and breadth of the mess prompted fresh questions about
what government regulators should have done to prevent B.C.C.I.
from growing into the largest corporate criminal enterprise in
history. The major developments:
</p>
<p> NUKES FOR PAKISTAN? Even as it served as a cash conduit
for terrorists, money launderers and gunrunners, B.C.C.I. may
have financed the illicit development of nuclear weapons
programs. The U.S. last week pressed efforts to extradite Inam
ul-Haq, a retired Pakistani brigadier, on charges that he
masterminded an abortive 1987 plot to smuggle to Pakistan an
American speciality steel used to enrich weapons-grade uranium.
B.C.C.I. reportedly provided credit for the deal. But Pakistan,
home of B.C.C.I. founder Agha Hasan Abedi, denied--as it has
in the past--that it seeks to develop nuclear arms, and said
the government had no connection with Inam, who was arrested by
German authorities in Frankfurt last month on an international
warrant put out by the U.S.
</p>
<p> FINANCIAL FALLOUT. Already burned once by the B.C.C.I.
shutdown, panicky crowds in Hong Kong rushed to withdraw their
cash last week from local Citibank branches. The two-day run was
triggered by unfounded reports that Citibank was insolvent. Last
month Hong Kong's overdue seizure of the local subsidiary of
B.C.C.I. froze $1.4 billion in accounts held by 40,000 hapless
depositors. The colony's residents were still so shaken by the
shutdown that on Friday they staged a second run, on the
British-based Standard Chartered Bank after rumors that it had
lost either its banking license or its stock-exchange listing.
</p>
<p> Hong Kong's nervous depositors were hardly alone. The
shutdown also froze some $400 million of deposits belonging to
Beijing-controlled companies, giving China a bitter taste of the
risks of capitalism. In Egypt the government fired the board of
the country's B.C.C.I. affiliate and sought to recover $400
million in frozen assets. In Nigeria officials said they would
provide $16 million to cover now worthless letters of credit
from B.C.C.I. The shutdown even torpedoed shipping around the
world. The Wall Street Journal reported that $85 million worth
of freight sat stranded on some 1,000 ships because the
purchasers could not use credit that B.C.C.I. had provided.
</p>
<p> PROBES APLENTY. Just five days before he formally
announced his resignation in order to run for the Senate,
Attorney General Dick Thornburgh declared that the Justice
Department will issue "far-reaching indictments" within "the
next month or six weeks." Stung by charges that Justice was
moving too slowly against B.C.C.I., the department seems to be
trying to catch up to the fraud, bribery and grand-larceny
allegations brought by a New York State grand jury in late July.
But some disgruntled law-enforcement sources told TIME that
major federal indictments were unlikely anytime soon because
Justice probes in Washington and other cities were still months--if not years--from completion.
</p>
<p> Nonetheless, the department clearly felt pressured to
prove it has not been napping. Justice took a step in that
direction last week when a federal grand jury in Miami indicted
Munther Bilbeisi, a Jordanian coffee dealer who banked at
B.C.C.I., on charges that he smuggled Guatemalan coffee into the
U.S. to avoid income taxes on profits from the sale of the
beans.
</p>
<p> In Peru the Senate began looking into charges that former
President Alan Garcia Perez looted government funds by siphoning
them through B.C.C.I. accounts in Panama. Returning from a
month-long vacation in Europe, Garcia hotly denied the
accusations. At the same time, officials in Chile and Argentina
scrutinized the financial affairs of Ghaith Pharaon, a Saudi
tycoon and B.C.C.I. front man who is building Hyatt hotels in
both countries.
</p>
<p> Even as those probes got under way, investigators in
Colombia and Luxembourg examined dealings between Jose Gonzalo
Rodriguez Gacha, a leader of the Medellin cocaine cartel who
died in a 1989 shootout with police, and a Colombian shadow bank
that B.C.C.I. used to launder drug money. Among other things,
the probers want to know why Colombian prosecutors slapped
B.C.C.I. with a token $10,000 fine after discovering that the
shadow bank took in a whopping $45 million in foreign currency
in just six months in 1986--six times the amount B.C.C.I.'s
Colombia branch reported for the entire year. The branch split
apart from B.C.C.I. last week when it was acquired by Isaac
Gilinsky, a Colombian food and textile magnate who said he would
reorganize the branch and reopen it under the name Banco Andino.
</p>
<p> POLITICAL SHAME AND BLAME. With so many accusations being
tossed around, politicians sought to distance themselves from
the scandal and hold rival parties to account. Senator Orrin
Hatch, a Utah Republican, issued an obviously partisan report
that tried to deflect blame for the B.C.C.I. mess from the Bush
and Reagan Administrations. Hatch said financier David Paul and
the ubiquitous Pharaon had assiduously cultivated major figures
in the Democratic Party. Paul, a big political contributor, ran
CenTrust Savings, which collapsed in Miami last year at a cost
to taxpayers of as much as $2 billion. Among the Democrats he
courted: Joseph Biden of Delaware and John Kerry of
Massachusetts, the chairman of the B.C.C.I. hearing last week.
Both met with Paul in 1989 at a time when he was negotiating
with federal regulators over terms of an agreement to
recapitalize the foundering S&L.
</p>
<p> Paul succeeded in keeping CenTrust afloat, thanks partly
to funds from Pharaon, who allegedly acted on behalf of
B.C.C.I. While Hatch stopped short of charging the Democrats
with wrongdoing, the report hinted that Paul may have used his
Democratic connections to help keep CenTrust in business.
Ironically, Hatch had strongly endorsed a 1990 plea bargain in
Tampa that allowed B.C.C.I. to forfeit $15 million in profits
to settle money-laundering charges. Hatch went so far as to
praise B.C.C.I. for its cooperation.
</p>
<p> In another maneuver, Democratic Representative Edward
Markey of Massachusetts said he would return a $1,000 campaign
contribution from Robert Altman, president of Washington's First
American Bankshares, which B.C.C.I. secretly acquired in the
early 1980s. Altman and former Defense Secretary Clark Clifford,
chairman of First American, have denied knowing B.C.C.I. had
taken control of their bank. Clifford and Altman gave donations
last year to several other legislators, usually in $1,000
amounts, but so far they have seen fit to keep the money. As the
scandal deepens, however, any connection with B.C.C.I. money
could become hazardous to one's political health.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>